It is definitely a combination of all those factors, but I think the biggest driver is the widespread availability of low-quality, knockoff spare parts that make repairs feel like a gamble. When you spend good money to fix an appliance only for it to break down again a few weeks later because the replacement part was substandard, it creates a cycle of frustration that makes buying a new item seem like the more logical investment. On top of that, there is a shortage of reliable, highly-skilled technicians who can guarantee their work, which drives up the cost of labor while simultaneously decreasing our trust in the repair process. There is also a bit of a societal shift where brand new items carry more status, pushing us toward a throwaway culture even when a simple repair would have been more sustainable. It is a tricky situation because, for many, the immediate convenience of a new purchase often outweighs the headache of sourcing genuine parts and finding a trustworthy artisan.